European flags

All 45 flags of Europe, with their names and capitals. Hide the names to test yourself, then take the quiz.

Hide the names to test yourself.

Flag families in Europe

Most European flags belong to a few families. The Nordic countries all use an off-centre cross, a design that started with Denmark's flag. Many others are tricolours: vertical in France, Italy, Belgium and Ireland, horizontal in Germany, the Netherlands and Russia.

Red, white and blue appear again and again in the east. Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Serbia and Croatia all use them, and the colours are often called the Pan-Slavic colours. Several countries add a coat of arms to set their flag apart, including Spain, Portugal, Andorra, Moldova and San Marino.

How to learn them

Sort the tricolours by stripe direction first, then by colour order. The pairs that cause the most trouble are Romania and Andorra, Russia and Slovenia, and the Netherlands and Luxembourg.

Flags people mix up in this quiz

Chad and Romania are near-identical blue, yellow and red vertical tricolours; Chad's blue is a darker indigo. Andorra and Moldova use the same colours but add a coat of arms in the centre.

Indonesia

Monaco

Poland

Indonesia and Monaco are both red over white. Only the shape differs: Indonesia's flag is 2:3, Monaco's is 4:5. Poland reverses the order, with white on top.

Ireland

Ivory Coast

Italy

Ireland is green, white, orange from the flagpole side. Ivory Coast is the mirror image: orange, white, green. Italy swaps the orange for red.

The Netherlands and Luxembourg are red, white and blue stripes; Luxembourg's bottom stripe is a lighter sky blue. Croatia adds a red-and-white chequered shield, and Paraguay adds a round seal.

See every pair in our guide to flags that look alike.

Territories and other flags in Europe

Know them all? Prove it in the Europe flag quiz or the full flags of the world quiz.